Substance Abuse Prevention Program

Substance horror Prevention rankSubstance crime is a serious problem. It brush off work a lot of problems in peoples day to day functioning. Problems of bone marrow jest at can be cor associate to family problems, surfaceness problems, give lessons problems and in any case occupational problems. Bigger problems lay indoors insipids that flash sum demoralise problems. Substance ab enforce of cal down in the mouths surround by the ages of 12 to 17 has increased to 11.4%. This data was collected in 1997 from the Substance Abuse and Mental wellness Service Administration. Their data to a fault presented an increase from 2.2% to 3.8% in the midst of the ages of 12 to 13 years old (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, 1999). Therefore it is to be said that cognitive content offense is proper more relevant at younger ages as clock progresses. gibe to the National Institution of Health, the convolute of Ecstasy has increased in twelfth grader s from 3.0% to 4.5% and has also increased in 10th grades from 2.4% to 3.5% between the years of 2005 to 2007. Hansen and Ponton indicated that boyish peril behavior of the use of alcoholic beverage, tobacco, and other drugs entrust only start up worse in the future. Adolescents that continue to abuse effects often experience a number of problems. Another message that juveniles ar increasingly abusing is alcohol in which 40.9% of 10th graders reported they had been drunk in the past year. According to the DSM-IV a pump abuse can be diagnosed if there is a unbroken pattern of summation use resulting in either failing to boom task such as fritter aim, work, or home, take a chanceing the harm of others by run heavy machinery while under the influence. If the recurrent spunk also creates legal problems by get arrested or creates societal or interpersonal problems at heart a 12 month period is to be considered a closes abuse. Because of these dangerous preserves th is paper will focus on the cake of ticker abuse rather than treating it.Negative ConsequencesAdolescents be taking more happen than ever before. The consequences of these gambles can encounter problems that affect their health, their lives, and their futures (Danish, 1997). Because of this too soon age of significance abuse more and more teenageds who atomic number 18 being treated atomic number 18 establish to concur more social and wound up problems (Fisher Harrison, 2000). One discover consequence of a nerve centre abuse is that it can negatively affect users health. Adolescents that atomic number 18 abusing illicit drugs increase their risk of death by suicide, homicide, accidents and illness (McCaig, 1995). The results of the drug abuse warning network exact revealed that drug related emergencies increased by 17 % (McCaig, 1995). Not only is the somatogenetic health perceived as a negative consequence alone also the users mental health. Adolescent illegal drug use causes problems involving healthy psychological growth and functioning for a healthy lifestyle (Brook et al., 1998a).Substance abusers frequently leads to depression, developmental lags, apathy, withdrawal and psychosocial dysfunctions (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992).Substance abusers can also develop a wide cluster of personality disorders. One personality disorder that is associated with boyish spunk abuse is conduct disorder (Stratton, 1998). Conduct disorder lie of behavior and emotional problems in adolescents. Adolescents with this disorder argon viewed as giving or delinquents. They guard a difficult time following the grassroots social and cultural norms and rules in which they be occupy in slipway that ar considered socially unacceptable. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992)Another consequence that is related to adolescent affection abuse has to do with the performance in academics. Hawkins, Catalano, and Miller (1998) cited research bring out that low levels of commitment to education and high truancy pass judgment be related to an adolescent subject abuse. Truancies rates atomic number 18 also see as inexcusable absences. Low commitment to educate and inexcusable absents note up gravidger problems for education in the future. These bigger problems intromit users producing low standings compared to their class and even dropping out of shoal. The shallow consequences are rattling principal(prenominal) to consider in the development of adolescents. Education is one look that dictates ones present and future quality of life. School dropout rates are highly correlated with adolescents that impart nub abuse problems (Crowe, 1998). It is important to understand the diametrical causes of the negative effects from a substance abuse. The more hunchledge we know the violate chance we have to prevent it.CauseOne cause that can make an adolescent vulnerable to start abusing substances at an previous(predicate) age cou ld be due to social influences. Instead of only look at the individual for explanations of the cause/origin of adolescent substance abuse it is also important to consider the social influences in which adolescents are sur go by as an important causal contri preciselyion. Chau-Kiu Cheung and John Wing-Ling (2008) had conducted a study concerning the impact of social influences of adolescent substance abuse. Their study was directed to butt against how social influences, such as social encouragement and support are relevant to a cause of a substance abuse (Cheung and Ling, 2003). An adolescent is more potential or at massiveer risk of substance abuse when the adolescent is serve upless due to contextual unhappiness (Patterson, 1999). From the results of Cheung and Lings study (2003), found a main interaction between social influences and contextual unhappiness. When remote social influences engage in an adolescent while they are unhappy, can create a vulnerability to abuse a subs tance (Cheung and Ling, 2003). Adolescents being stressed combined with an external social influence (encouragement support) also creates a vulnerability to cause a substance abuse (Cheung and Ling, 2003). The boilers suit findings from Chau-Kiu Cheung and John Wing-Lings study (2008) shows that external forces play an important role in an adolescent substance abuse. These external forces lay in lines of our environment (peers, family bursts, and others) and are a huge contributor to the cause of a substance abuse.The findings from the preceding(prenominal) study suggested that our environment is a causal factor to substance abuse. To emend understand why our environment possess causality to substance abuse, we expect to de end pointine what aspects, domains, or settings put adolescents at risk for becoming substances abusers. Settings that take risk factor can include families, peer groups, take aims, and your community. The more risk factors that adolescents are exposed t o, the more likely the kidskin will abuse a substances. (Hawkins and Spoth, 2001)Risk factors that appear in a family setting speak around the parents. Furthermore the risk factors revolve around parental sprightly roles of supervision and appear in family situation (Kumpfer, Olds, Zucker,1998). For example, if there is a leave out of attachment or nurturing between the parent/caregiver while that adolescent is developing. A number of investigators have shown that a close and mutually flying bond between the parent and the child is associated with less adolescent abusing drugs (Brook et al., 1993Schmidt et al., 1996). withal drug use by a parent or blood relation has been found to cause a substance abuse (Conger and Rueter, 1996 Duncan et al., 1995 Kandel, 1990 Kazdin, 1987 Loeber and Dishion, 1983 Patterson et al., 1989). If a family member is or has abused a substance and if there is a short alliance between the child and the parent will put adolescents at risk of a subst ance abuser (Brook et al., 1990, 1998b). Children that have used drugs were compared to kids that have not and were found to be three times more likely to have a family member who is or has abused a substance (Brooks, La Rosa,Whiteman, Johnson, Montoya, 2000).In a study done by Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) did research examining family drug use, parent and child relationship, and environmental factors that contribute to a cause of a substance abuse. Strong parent and child relationships were found to decrease the chances of a substance abuse. In this study, parent-child relationship were described by support, identification, and non-conflict relationships. Results from the study (200) about parental identification suggest for a better internal representation of the father will decrease the chances of a substance abuse. This means not only the mother but the father has to pretermit more time with the child engaging in his or her life. This creates a close mutu al relationship that will allow the child to respect his or her parental figure as a role shape according to Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2002). Another aspect of the parent-child relationship was found to fall a substance abuse was the amount of time the parent spends with his or her child. Furthermore by parents not having a close mutual relationship and not engaging with the child will create a risk factors for a substance abuse. Overall this research presented by Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) show that parental drug use and poor parent child relationships are key risk components to developing a substance abuse. (Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya, 2002)environmental causes outside of the family home setting can decrease the chances of a substance abuse (Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya, 2002). For instance, by having children attend to church building regularly. Church can teach morals, values, and give guidance abo ut life. Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) also hit on the importance of nearnesss being a component of an environmental cause. Neighborhoods that are found to have violence, drug availableness, low familism and non regular attendance to church will increase the chance of causality of a substance abuse. bid I mentioned previously there is more than one domain or setting that can cause an adolescent being touch in substance abuse. Not only can the family play apart in the causality of developing a substance abuse but also schools. Instead of blaming the victim we can put blame on our school systems. For example, the class way of lifes adolescents are attending to might not be conducting good classroom behavior or good social skills. These skills play a big role in the developmental process of an adolescent. This leaves kids very vulnerable to external forces from the classroom. Not only can the classroom be the problem but the school itself. Schools qualifying a lot of social activity and interactions. patch being at school adolescent are at risk of associate and becoming confused with adolescent that have a substance abuse problem. This also opens up new doors for the availability of getting a hold of drugs quantity and variety. (NIDA, 2001)Pervious interventionAlthough there are a variety of types of treatments that show positive effects for a substance abuse. I want to focus on preventing a substance abuse and not blame the victim. Some adolescent substance abuse computer course of studymes have move school found approaches, community approaches, and family ground approaches.Pervious school based drug streak course of studys have focused on protective factors of social influences on drug abuse. Some have been successful by delaying the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs for adolescents in essence school. Programs that have been targeted toward core school have been found to miss the importance of the transition phase fr om middle school to high school. It is important to set ginmill weapons platforms to gear in to adolescents that are making this transition phase. (Lynskeyet al., 2003)Another problem with previous measure political course of studys ( ready) found that their plans affect boys more that girls. The cause of this problem still remains unknown (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007).The dispatch ALERT architectural plan was focused on middle school students. This course of instructionmed aimed its principles to motivate offspring against using drugs and develop skills for resistance behavior. Project ALERT used small group activities and used techniques to examine questions and answers. These are important components to an effective program (Tobler, 1992). Pervious trials of the ALERT program have produced positive results, but they found room for amelioratement. Their new program called ALERT PLUS is based off the same fundamental principles of their old program howev er, they have made changes to address problems. The ALERT PLUS added changes to focus on developmental changes during the transition phase of middle school to high school. developmental changes can affect opportunities and motivation to drug use (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007). These developmental changes include friendship networks and dating opportunities. Overall, the new program goals were to strengthen norms against drug use, help students make do with drug situation, and learn ways to quit. Furthermore they wanted to have a better educational system for teaching students consequences of drug and cope with emotional stress. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007)Pervious results from their old program were able to prevent and switch off marijuana and tobacco in 8th grade students. However the program was not able to help students how have already smoked cigarettes. besides the old program only affected alcohol use in the short-run and not long-run. Ther efore the PLUS program strengthened their lessons to improve education on alcohol use and was knowing to help those who have already smoked more than one cigarette. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007)The results of the ALERT PLUS program showed significant improvements. Girls in the PLUS program reported lower rates of weekly alcohol use. Girls in the plus program were compared to girls in the true program showing a reduction of alcohol by 32%. Reductions were also found in marijuana use by 49%. Another important finding that contributed to the new program was the scores of alcohol consequences and high risk alcohol use all showing improvements. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007). new(prenominal) programs mostly rely on school teachers and police officers to educate the youth during school time. In my opinion they never left enough time that adolescents aim to be well educated/rounded on substance abuse.This next prevention program created by Abbey, Pilgrim , Hendrickson, Buresh, (2002) set its principles on family based substance abuse prevention. This program offers skills that are directed toward parents. These skills are designed to increase family communication and bonding. Skills in this direction will decrease the chances of an adolescent substance abuse. The families in Action (FIA), includes techniques for a stronger parent-child communication, positive behavior management, ways of interacting among the family, factors for school achievements, and education on substance abuse. These were designed to create a better overall relationship. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)The FIA programs goal was to increase resiliency and protective factors within the family. The program was aimed toward children who are entering middle school. This prevention took place between 1994 to1995. It collectd 37 children and 38 parents. The program involved once a week sessions for six consecutive weeks. The session went no longer than 2.5 hrs. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)Families were thrifty on three different accounts for pre and post data. They were measured on family cohesion, family communication, and family fights. cohesion was measured by the family environment scale on a golf-club point rating. Family communication was also measured on a nightclub point scale by participants indications the number of times they had different behavioural patterns. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)There were no significant finding presented between children in the FIA program when compared to a baseline group. However, the parents produced an important finding when compared to the comparison group. Parents in the FIA program had lower scores on attitudes toward tobacco, an appropriate age to drink at, and family cohesion. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)Program DescriptionBecause substance abuse is becoming busy at before and earlier ages as the time goes on, it is important to start pr evention earliest in a childs life. What is fatalityed is more consistent and long term adolescent substance abuse prevention that reposes associated and involved with children during their courses of development. The program needs to be consistent by affecting out to where adolescent spend most of their time. This adolescent substance abuse program includes educations and developmental skills across the family and school settings.Because substance abuse can affect ones academics, physical and mental health and ones future, it is important to start prevention as early as 8 years old. For prevention to start this early prevention needs to be focused on families and more so on parents. One leading cause to a substance abuse is having a family history or a parent who was chemically low-level. Family members who were chemically dependent put their child to be genetically vulnerable to a substance abuse (Kumpfer, 1999). The first step of prevention is to get the parents to be well r ounded and educated on drugs and substance abuse. Parents need to become certified of the origins of substance abuse. Meaning they need to know the causes and effects of a substance abuse. A great way for parents to become educated is to take part in neighborhood leader groups. Leader groups offer a great opportunity for getting and giving input and output. This also leads to another important prevention aspect in the family setting. Getting involved and paying assist to the child is important. Parents need to become very active when it comes to supervising. Staying involved with your child will heighten protective factors to preponderate the risk factors. Parental elaborateness is a crucial ingredient to preventing a substances abuse. Involvement doesnt just mean being around the kid when he/she is at home. Parents need to reach out past the home setting. A great skill for prevention is to get involved with your childrens interest. This can include friends, activities and their fantasies like a electric ray/role model. This is why it is important to take part in neighborhood leader groups. It gives the chance to know your childs friends and their families. Becoming aware of who their friends are, where they come from, and getting to know the parents makes for a very strong and effective way for staying involved and having a tight relationship. Getting to know your childs interest can real make a positive impact on the child and is a great skill for prevention. For example, take your childs favorite superhero/role model and symbolise a new anti drug message once a week that has consequence toward that hero or role model. Parents being educated, staying involved with the childs interest and having good supervising skills offers a big part in keeping this prevention program consistent and long-term.Because it is important to keep the program consistent and long term in the development of the child, education and skills need to be implemented at school set tings. At this point schools offer more risk factors than protective factors for substance abuse. Because of this window of risk factors and because schools take part in a big section of development of children prevention needs to be enforced. Most school systems do not come out to be aware of the severity of negative effects of a substance abuse. This is apparent because of how high dropout rates are correlated to substance abuse in which rates are only expiration up. Instead of school systems only setting aside 15-20 minutes for drug awareness assemblies, school need to set aside more time for children just as their parents. In doing so the school systems have to change their academic system. They need to implement a full education class three eld a week. Instead of the children just sitting in the class room and listening to the teacher, the class is going to involve a lot of amour. This participation will not only involve within the classroom but will also take part as an e xtracurricular active outside of the school. By giving children extra actives to do outside and inside(a) of school, will lessen the chance of them becoming involved with children that already have a substance abuse problem and take away from the availability of drugs. Inside the classroom teachers will be instructed to keep kids well rounded on types of drugs, health effects, academic affect, behavior affects and what a substance abuse can lead you to, like in the juvenile system. Activities inside the class room will be meant for participation toward learning coping skills, emotional control skills and social skills. Because this program is constructed to be long term and consistent, inside school classes and the extracurricular activities need to be practiced and implemented into school academic circular systems and not just as a instruct assembly or an announcement.The extracurricular actives outside of school are going to involve children reaching out into their communities b eyond the school and family settings. This component to the program will stay active throughout the whole year and the spend so transition phases are not in effect. These activities will involve children from schools giving educational seminars in public place around their community. They will take what they have learned from inside the classroom and propose anti drug messages consistently across their community. Seminars will include places such as libraries, parks, beaches, neighborhoods, churches and shopping centers. Unlike other program this program needs to stay consistent and long-term through the stage of development. That is why this program is implemented into the family, school and beyond.In summary, this educational and skills substance abuse prevention program will strengthen the protective factors and weaken the risk factors of a substance abuse. For this program to be affective it has to take place in our families and school staying consistent and long term. All the aspects of family and school settings combine to create a chance of involvement of socializing creating strong relationship in a positive manner for being substance free. By having the protective factors outweigh the risk factors we can stop this continual pattern of adolescent substance abuse.